Cranial surgery

  • Surgery of encephalomeningocele (cranium bifidum) for correction of atlanto-occipital craniocervical junction and other defects
  • Surgery for the treatment of craniostenosis, using a one- or two-stage approach
  • Cranioplasty with prostheses or bone grafts, including potential graft harvesting
  • Open reduction of skull fractures with elevation of the depressed bone or fragment removal
  • Excision of infectious, parasitic or tumor-related wounds in skull bones (including when neighboring structures are involved)
  • Unilateral orbital decompression

Intracranial surgery

  • Ventricular cisternostomy (opening of lamina terminalis, ventricle-cisterna magna and other similar structures): stand-alone surgical procedure
  • Left ventricular to right atrial shunt, ventriculo-atriostomy ventriculoperitoneal shunt or similar; Pudenz valve; Holster valve; Hakim valve: stand-alone surgical procedure
  • Shunt valve revision or partial or total replacement
  • Partial or total lobectomy for the treatment of a trauma or epilepsy
  • Spinothalamic, trigeminal or midbrain tractotomy; cingulotomies
  • Surgical treatment of aneurysms and intracranial arteriovenous malformations (aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, carotid cavernous sinus fistula)
  • Needle evacuation of epidural, subdural and/or subarachnoid intracerebral blood collections (hematoma, hydroma, abcess)
  • Exploratory craniotomy, with or without biopsy; evacuation of epidural, subdural and/or subarachnoid intracerebral blood collections; foreign body removal
  • Plastic restoration of cranial sinuses and/or meninges; CSF rhinorrhea, otorhinorrhea, pneumocephalus, fistulas (craniotomy)
  • Excision of intracranial tumor (benign or malignant neoplasms, whatever their location) with or without lobectomy
  • Continuous ventricular drainage: stand-alone surgical procedure
  • Tube removal in cranial shunt surgery: stand-alone surgical procedure
  • Ventricular diagnostic or therapeutic trephine puncture
  • Ventricular or subdural, therapeutic or diagnostic transfontanellar puncture

Vertebral/spinal surgery

  • Repair of spinal cord-meningeal complex congenital defects (spina bifida with meningocele or myelomeningocele, diastematomyelia)
  • Surgical treatment of acquired lesions of the spinal cord-meningeal complex (excision, exploration, evacuation, removal of adhesions, foreign body): single or multiple lesion(s) approached through the same incision
  • Resection or ligation of spinal aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations
  • Spinothalamic cordotomy, anterolateral cordotomy, commissural myelotomy, posterior cordotomy
  • Rhizotomy, posterior radicotomy
  • Sectioning of denticulate ligaments
  • Double spinal tap with manometry
  • Cisternal puncture with or without manometry
  • Lumbar puncture with or without manometry

Surgical cranial nerve procedures

  • Neurotomy or trigeminal nerve microvascular decompression: temporal or posterior approach
  • Transoval trigeminal neurolysis
  • Neurotomy of intermediate, vestibular or glossopharyngeal nerves: posterior fossa approach
  • Optic nerve surgical procedures
  • Neurotomy of supraorbital, infraorbital, inferior alveolar, suboccipital and superficial temporal nerves
  • Selective neurotomy of facial nerves or cervical glossopharyngeal or pneumogastric nerves
  • Grafting and/or anastomosis of facial, hypoglossal, spinal or similar nerves
  • Extracranial neurolysis: alcohol or similar neurolytic agent

Arthrodesis and arthroereisis

  • Cervical, thoracic or lumbar spine (less than three vertebrae)
  • Cervical, thoracic or lumbar spine, hips, knee (more than three vertebrae)
  • Selective embolization

Novel selective embolization techniques and procedures using radioisotopes, linear particle accelerator or radiosurgery for aneurysm or tumor treatment.

Peripheral nerve surgery

  • Surgery (exploration, neurorrhaphy, neuroma excision) of cervico-brachial plexus injury or damage
  • Surgery (exploration, neurorrhaphy, neuroma excision) of lumbosacral plexus injury or damage
  • Neurorrhaphy, graft, tubalization, excision of tumor-related injury of radial, median, femoral ulnar, sciatic, popliteal, tibial and peroneal nerves
  • Transposition of ulnar nerve
  • Median nerve decompression at the carpal tunnel (anterior anular ligament sectioning of the carpal bones)
  • Excision of peripheral nerve (amputation neuroma, Morton’s neuroma, etc.)
  • Peripheral nerve surgical neurolysis

Autonomic nervous system surgery

  • Cervical sympathectomy
  • Thoracic sympathectomy
  • Lumbar sympathectomy (lobectomy)
  • Resection of upper and lower hypogastric plexus
  • Carotid, humeral, femoral periarterial sympathectomy

Neck vascular surgery

  • Carotid or vertebral artery surgery: thromboendarterectomy, embolectomy, anastomosis and grafting (thrombosis, stroke, aneurysms, arteriovenous fistula), including potential vein harvesting for plastic surgery or grafting
  • Suture or ligation of deep neck blood vessels (carotid, spinal, internal jugular veins)